World Cultural Regions

Presentation onWorld Cultural region

Presented ToMd. Abdul Malak

LecturerDept. of Geography and Environment

Jagannath UniversityDhaka-1100

Md. Abdul MalakLecturer

Dept. of Geography and EnvironmentJagannath University

Dhaka-1100

Geography

The word ‘geography’ consists of two Greek words ‘geo’(the earth) and‘graphein’(to write).So , Geography literally means "earth description." It seeks to describe andexplain the distribution of phenomena that characterize our planet's surface.

Geography is a representation of the whole known world together with thephenomena which are contained therein.

-Ptolemy, Geographia 2nd Century A.D.

3/18/2016 3World Cultural Region (Shammy)

The study of geography focuses on five themes:

Geography

Location Place Movement Region Human earthinterrelationship


Culture

A culture is a way of life of a group of people --the behaviors, beliefs, values, andsymbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that arepassed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

According to, Edward B. Tylor, 1871 (Primitive Culture)“ that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals,

custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member ofsociety”


Cultural components

There are manycomponents of culture … religious languagecuisine architecturetechnology music dancesports medicine dress low education governmentagriculture economy etc

There are manycomponents of culture … religious languagecuisine architecturetechnology music dancesports medicine dress low education governmentagriculture economy etc


Culture Change

Change is an inherent aspect of culture. No culture remains static. There aremany reasons for cultural change: economic, political, environmental, and,of course, technological factors.

Processes of cultural change

Innovation

CulturalChange

Innovation

Discovery

DiffusionAssimilation

Acculturation


Processes of cultural change

Invention-Invention is the process whereby new cultural elements are created,often, out of previously existing elements.

Diffusion-Cultural diffusion is the process through which the cultural traits of oneculture are transmitted to another one.

Discovery-Discovery is the new perception of an aspects of reality that alreadyexist.

Assimilation-Assimilation is the process of combination of two cultures in to oneculture with comprising cultural change.

Acculturation-Acculturation is the transfer of values and customs from one groupto another.


Cultural Region

A culture region is a portion of Earth’s surface in whichpeople share common:

- beliefs- history- language- religion- technology- work- food- clothing- shelter

A culture region is a portion of Earth’s surface in whichpeople share common:

- beliefs- history- language- religion- technology- work- food- clothing- shelter


Types Of Regions

Geographers define regions in different ways, depending on the type ofcriteria used to set their boundaries.

FORMAL REGION A formal region is one with clear boundaries. It is definedby at least one common human or physical characteristic. This may be acommon government, such as a political unit.

FUNCTIONAL REGION A functional region is an area defined by one functionthat may cross political boundaries. This might be a drainage basin of a greatriver, connecting several states.

PERCEPTUAL REGION A perceptual region is based on people's attitudes andemotions about a place. Unlike formal or functional regions, a perceptualregion may not be based on real facts or conditions.

Geographers define regions in different ways, depending on the type ofcriteria used to set their boundaries.

FORMAL REGION A formal region is one with clear boundaries. It is definedby at least one common human or physical characteristic. This may be acommon government, such as a political unit.

FUNCTIONAL REGION A functional region is an area defined by one functionthat may cross political boundaries. This might be a drainage basin of a greatriver, connecting several states.

PERCEPTUAL REGION A perceptual region is based on people's attitudes andemotions about a place. Unlike formal or functional regions, a perceptualregion may not be based on real facts or conditions.



World Major Cultural Regions

Six Cultural Regions by J.O.M. Broek1.Occidental (Western)2.Main Islamic (Muslim World)3.Indic (Indian)4.East Asian5.South East Asian6. Meso African

Six Cultural Regions by J.O.M. Broek1.Occidental (Western)2.Main Islamic (Muslim World)3.Indic (Indian)4.East Asian5.South East Asian6. Meso African

Five Cultural Regions by Richard MorrillWestern Cultural Region_The Christian RegionIslamic Cultural Region_The Islamic WorldIndian Cultural Region_The Hindu WorldEast Asian Cultural Region_The Buddhist WorldAfrican Cultural Region



Twelve Cultural Regions by de Blij1.South West Asia and North African Cultural Region2.Europe Cultural Region3.India and Indian Perimeter4.Chinese Cultural Region5.South East Asian Cultural Region6.African Black7.Middle and South American Cultural Region8.North American Cultural Region9.Australian Cultural Region10.Former Soviet Union11.Japanese Cultural Region12. Pacific Ocean

Twelve Cultural Regions by de Blij1.South West Asia and North African Cultural Region2.Europe Cultural Region3.India and Indian Perimeter4.Chinese Cultural Region5.South East Asian Cultural Region6.African Black7.Middle and South American Cultural Region8.North American Cultural Region9.Australian Cultural Region10.Former Soviet Union11.Japanese Cultural Region12. Pacific Ocean



So, overall twelve major cultural regions are-1.South West Asia and North African \ Islamic Cultural Region2.Europe Cultural Region3.India and Indian Perimeter\ South Asian Cultural Region4.South East Asian Cultural Region5.Chinese\ East Asian Cultural Region6.African Black\ Negroid Cultural Region7.Middle and South American\Latin American Cultural Region8.North American\ Anglo American Cultural Region9.Australia-Pacific Cultural Region10.Former Soviet Union\ Russian Cultural Region11.Japanese Cultural Region12. Polar\ Arctic Cultural Region

So, overall twelve major cultural regions are-1.South West Asia and North African \ Islamic Cultural Region2.Europe Cultural Region3.India and Indian Perimeter\ South Asian Cultural Region4.South East Asian Cultural Region5.Chinese\ East Asian Cultural Region6.African Black\ Negroid Cultural Region7.Middle and South American\Latin American Cultural Region8.North American\ Anglo American Cultural Region9.Australia-Pacific Cultural Region10.Former Soviet Union\ Russian Cultural Region11.Japanese Cultural Region12. Polar\ Arctic Cultural Region


South West Asia and North African Cultural Region

Geographic Area

The region is made up of the northern part of Africa and the extremelysouthwestern part of Asia. The southwestern part of Asia is made up of theArabian and Anatolian peninsulas and a small part of continental Asia.Generally this area is known as Muslim World or Middle East.

Countries are under this region


Other Characteristics

Language:Hematic-Semitic languages. Arabic is the main language of this region except Iran,Afghanistan and Turkey

ClimateThis is largely an arid area, including some of the hottest deserts on the planet.However, there are large, relatively mild (Mediterranean climate) areas in theMaghreb, Turkey, and the Levant. Desert and dry is the general characteristics of thisarea for this it is known as Dry World.

Culture: The people of desert in this region are vagabond; their temporarysettlement, religious blindness, detached from environment etc. are affect the culturaldevelopment of this area.

Language:Hematic-Semitic languages. Arabic is the main language of this region except Iran,Afghanistan and Turkey

ClimateThis is largely an arid area, including some of the hottest deserts on the planet.However, there are large, relatively mild (Mediterranean climate) areas in theMaghreb, Turkey, and the Levant. Desert and dry is the general characteristics of thisarea for this it is known as Dry World.

Culture: The people of desert in this region are vagabond; their temporarysettlement, religious blindness, detached from environment etc. are affect the culturaldevelopment of this area.


Religion: All the religious belief are started from this region. this is actually anarea of enormous religious diversity. Many different faiths are found here,including:• Judaism• Christianity• Islam• Druze• Yazidi• Zoroastrianism• B’ahai• Samaritanism Natural resources: North Africa/Southwest Asia holds around 60% of theworld’s petroleum reserves (used to make oil, gas, plastic, and other things). Oil rich countries: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, QatarOil not-so-rich countries: Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Syria, OmanOil poor countries: Morocco, Tunisia, Israel, Jordan, Yemen, Turkey

Religion: All the religious belief are started from this region. this is actually anarea of enormous religious diversity. Many different faiths are found here,including:• Judaism• Christianity• Islam• Druze• Yazidi• Zoroastrianism• B’ahai• Samaritanism Natural resources: North Africa/Southwest Asia holds around 60% of theworld’s petroleum reserves (used to make oil, gas, plastic, and other things). Oil rich countries: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, QatarOil not-so-rich countries: Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Syria, OmanOil poor countries: Morocco, Tunisia, Israel, Jordan, Yemen, Turkey


Race: Caucasoid.Political View: Unstable.Economy: Economicallyprosperous region due topetro dollars. But wealth is inthe hands of selected fewwhile the masses remainpoor.

Race: Caucasoid.Political View: Unstable.Economy: Economicallyprosperous region due topetro dollars. But wealth is inthe hands of selected fewwhile the masses remainpoor.


European Cultural realm

East Russain Ural mountains to Scandinavian countries , surrounded by Blacksea and Mediterranean sea.

Countries are under thisregion



Language: Three Indo-european language groups-Germanic language(220 million speakers)Romance languages (220 million speakers)Slavic languages (80 million speakers)

Climate: The climate of most of Central and Eastern Europe, including southernScandinavia, is categorized as cool-summer humid continental. As inWestern Europe, summers are mild, but winters are significantly colder, withsnowfall a common occurrence.

Religion: Christian including Catholic, Eastern orthodox and Protestant Churches.Race: Caucasoid..


Language: Three Indo-european language groups-Germanic language(220 million speakers)Romance languages (220 million speakers)Slavic languages (80 million speakers)

Climate: The climate of most of Central and Eastern Europe, including southernScandinavia, is categorized as cool-summer humid continental. As inWestern Europe, summers are mild, but winters are significantly colder, withsnowfall a common occurrence.

Religion: Christian including Catholic, Eastern orthodox and Protestant Churches.Race: Caucasoid..


Political Condition: Europe isthe birthplace of Democracy.Some Countries are alsopractice nationalism andcommunismCulture: very rich culture.European culture is largelyrooted in what is oftenreferred to as its "commoncultural heritage“Economy: Largest and richestregion on the earth.

Political Condition: Europe isthe birthplace of Democracy.Some Countries are alsopractice nationalism andcommunismCulture: very rich culture.European culture is largelyrooted in what is oftenreferred to as its "commoncultural heritage“Economy: Largest and richestregion on the earth.


India and Indian Perimeter


The southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the subHimalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries tothe west and east ( Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka,Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives )




Language: The largest spoken language in this region is Hindi, its speakersnumbering almost 422 million, the second largest spoken language is Bengali, withabout 210 million speakers. Punjabi is the third most spoken language in South Asiawith 130 million native speakers.

Climate : Tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in thenorth. Southern parts are mostly hot in summers and receive rain duringmonsoon periods. The northern belt of Indo-Gangetic plains also is hot insummer, but cooler in winter. The mountainous north is colder andreceives snowfall at higher altitudes of Himalayan ranges.

Religion: Hindus make up about 63% of the South Asia population andMuslims at 31%a; others religion namely, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

Race: Caucasoid.

Language: The largest spoken language in this region is Hindi, its speakersnumbering almost 422 million, the second largest spoken language is Bengali, withabout 210 million speakers. Punjabi is the third most spoken language in South Asiawith 130 million native speakers.

Climate : Tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in thenorth. Southern parts are mostly hot in summers and receive rain duringmonsoon periods. The northern belt of Indo-Gangetic plains also is hot insummer, but cooler in winter. The mountainous north is colder andreceives snowfall at higher altitudes of Himalayan ranges.

Religion: Hindus make up about 63% of the South Asia population andMuslims at 31%a; others religion namely, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

Race: Caucasoid.


Political Condition:DemocracyEconomy:poorest regions andDeveloping countries.According to global hungerindex –South Asia has one ofthe highest child malnutritionrates in the world.Culture:Various cultural groups.

Political Condition:DemocracyEconomy:poorest regions andDeveloping countries.According to global hungerindex –South Asia has one ofthe highest child malnutritionrates in the world.Culture:Various cultural groups.


South East Asian Cultural Region


Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a sub-region of Asia , consisting ofthe countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, westof New Guinea and north of Australia.




Language: people speaking languages belonging to the Austronesia family(originating in southern China and Taiwan)

Climate : The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humidall year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the MyanmarHimalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropicalclimate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asiahas a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon.

Religion: Buddhism, Islam, Christian

Race: Mongoloid and Australoid.

Language: people speaking languages belonging to the Austronesia family(originating in southern China and Taiwan)

Climate : The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humidall year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the MyanmarHimalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropicalclimate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asiahas a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon.

Religion: Buddhism, Islam, Christian

Race: Mongoloid and Australoid.


Political Condition: people arenomadic or semi-nomadic, it isdifficult to construct apermanent governing systemwith stable bureaucracies and areliable tax base.Economy: Mainly based onspice trade, tourism.Culture:Various cultural groups.

Political Condition: people arenomadic or semi-nomadic, it isdifficult to construct apermanent governing systemwith stable bureaucracies and areliable tax base.Economy: Mainly based onspice trade, tourism.Culture:Various cultural groups.


Chinese Cultural Region


China ,North Korea and Mongolia.




Language: Mandarin ,Korean, Halh Mongolian.

Climate : diverse range;ranges from tropical in southto subarctic in north.

Religion: Buddhism,Confucianism.Race: Mongoloid.Political view: Communist(Soviet style)

Language: Mandarin ,Korean, Halh Mongolian.

Climate : diverse range;ranges from tropical in southto subarctic in north.

Religion: Buddhism,Confucianism.Race: Mongoloid.Political view: Communist(Soviet style)


African Black Region


Southern Sahara to South Africa.




Language: Many tribal Languages.

Climate : The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on itshighest peaks. Its northern half is primarily desert, or arid, while itscentral and southern areas contain both savanna plains and verydense jungle (rainforest) regions.

Religion: Many community region but Christian and Islam is also practice.Race: Negroid

Language: Many tribal Languages.

Climate : The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on itshighest peaks. Its northern half is primarily desert, or arid, while itscentral and southern areas contain both savanna plains and verydense jungle (rainforest) regions.

Religion: Many community region but Christian and Islam is also practice.Race: Negroid


Political view and Economy:Although it has abundant naturalresources, Africa remains theworld's poorest andmost underdeveloped continent,the result of a variety of causesthat may include corruptgovernments that have oftencommitted serious human rightsviolations, failed central planning,high levels of illiteracy, lack ofaccess to foreign capital, andfrequent tribal and militaryconflict

Political view and Economy:Although it has abundant naturalresources, Africa remains theworld's poorest andmost underdeveloped continent,the result of a variety of causesthat may include corruptgovernments that have oftencommitted serious human rightsviolations, failed central planning,high levels of illiteracy, lack ofaccess to foreign capital, andfrequent tribal and militaryconflict


Middle and South American region Region


Mexico to whole South America with Falkland islands. Also called LatinAmerica.




Language: Spanish and Portuguese are the predominant languages of LatinAmerica. Spanish is spoken as first language by about 60% of the population,Portuguese is spoken by about 34% of the population and about 6% of thepopulation speak other languages such as

Quechua, Mayan languages, Guaraní, English, French, Dutch. Aymara, Nahuatl, and ItalianClimate : predominantly wet and hot. The desert regions of Chile is

the driest part of South America.Religion: The vast majority of Latin Americans

are Christians(90%),mostly Roman Catholics belonging to the Latin Rite.About 70% of the Latin American population consider themselves Catholic.

Language: Spanish and Portuguese are the predominant languages of LatinAmerica. Spanish is spoken as first language by about 60% of the population,Portuguese is spoken by about 34% of the population and about 6% of thepopulation speak other languages such as

Quechua, Mayan languages, Guaraní, English, French, Dutch. Aymara, Nahuatl, and ItalianClimate : predominantly wet and hot. The desert regions of Chile is

the driest part of South America.Religion: The vast majority of Latin Americans

are Christians(90%),mostly Roman Catholics belonging to the Latin Rite.About 70% of the Latin American population consider themselves Catholic.


Culture: Latin American culture isa mixture of many culturalexpressions worldwide. It is theproduct of many diverseinfluences:Indigenous culturesWestern civilization,African cultures,Asian cultures,Race: Mongoloid And Negroid

Political view : Doctorial,Democracy And Communism.

Lifestyle: standard of living withrampant illiteracy.

Culture: Latin American culture isa mixture of many culturalexpressions worldwide. It is theproduct of many diverseinfluences:Indigenous culturesWestern civilization,African cultures,Asian cultures,Race: Mongoloid And Negroid

Political view : Doctorial,Democracy And Communism.

Lifestyle: standard of living withrampant illiteracy.


North American region Region


USA ,Canada.




Language: English ,30% spanish

Climate : It embraces every climatic zone, from tropical rain forest andsavanna on the lowlands of Central America to areas of permanent icecap in central Greenland. Subarctic and tundra climates prevail in northCanada and north Alaska, and desert and semiarid conditions are foundin interior regions cut off by high mountains from rain-bearing westerlywinds. However, most of the region has temperate climates veryfavorable to settlement and agriculture. Prairies, or vast grasslandscover a huge amount in mountain ranges.

Religion: Christian, Judaism.

Culture: Occidental

Language: English ,30% spanish

Climate : It embraces every climatic zone, from tropical rain forest andsavanna on the lowlands of Central America to areas of permanent icecap in central Greenland. Subarctic and tundra climates prevail in northCanada and north Alaska, and desert and semiarid conditions are foundin interior regions cut off by high mountains from rain-bearing westerlywinds. However, most of the region has temperate climates veryfavorable to settlement and agriculture. Prairies, or vast grasslandscover a huge amount in mountain ranges.


Culture: Occidental


Race: Mongoloid, CaucasoidAnd NegroidPolitical view : Democracy.

Lifestyle: Life is very fast andhighest standard of livingwith the people being welleducated, vocal andaggressive.

Race: Mongoloid, CaucasoidAnd NegroidPolitical view : Democracy.

Lifestyle: Life is very fast andhighest standard of livingwith the people being welleducated, vocal andaggressive.


Australia-Pacific Region


Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central andSouth Pacific Ocean. It includes Australia, the smallest continent in terms of totalland area. Most of Australia and Oceania is under the Pacific ocean



Language: English is the only language spoken in the home for around 80%of the population. The next most common languages spoken at homeare Mandarin (1.7%), Italian (1.5%), and Arabic (1.4%); almost allmigrants speak some English. Australia has a sign language knownas Auslan.

Climate :The greater part of the continent is desert or semi-arid. Only thesouth-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate andmoderately fertile soil. The northern part has a tropical climate, variedbetween tropical rainforests, grasslands, and part desert.

Religion: According to the 2011 Australian Census, 61.1% of Australianswere listed as Christian. Historically, this proportion has been higher anda growing proportion of the population define themselves as irreligious,with 22.3% of Australians declaring "no religion" on the census. Thereare also growing communities of various other religions

Language: English is the only language spoken in the home for around 80%of the population. The next most common languages spoken at homeare Mandarin (1.7%), Italian (1.5%), and Arabic (1.4%); almost allmigrants speak some English. Australia has a sign language knownas Auslan.

Climate :The greater part of the continent is desert or semi-arid. Only thesouth-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate andmoderately fertile soil. The northern part has a tropical climate, variedbetween tropical rainforests, grasslands, and part desert.

Religion: According to the 2011 Australian Census, 61.1% of Australianswere listed as Christian. Historically, this proportion has been higher anda growing proportion of the population define themselves as irreligious,with 22.3% of Australians declaring "no religion" on the census. Thereare also growing communities of various other religions


Culture: Westernculture influenced by thediverse inputof Aboriginal, Torres StraitIslander and other Oceaniapeople.Race: Caucasoid And NegroidPolitical view : Democracy.Sports: Cricket, Football, Tennisetc.

Culture: Westernculture influenced by thediverse inputof Aboriginal, Torres StraitIslander and other Oceaniapeople.Race: Caucasoid And NegroidPolitical view : Democracy.Sports: Cricket, Football, Tennisetc.


Former Soviet Union


Located in the north, west and east latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere,Russian federation (55’N latitude to 37’E longitude).



Language: Russia's 160 ethnic groups speak some 100 languages.Russian isthe only official state language,

Climate :Russia has a largely continental climate because of its sheer sizeand compact configuration.

Religion : Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism are Russia’s traditionalreligions. Non-believers in Russia as high as 16–48% of the population.

Natural resources:Russia holds the greatest reserves of mineral resources of any country in

the world. Natural gas, petroleum, mineral ores etc.

Language: Russia's 160 ethnic groups speak some 100 languages.Russian isthe only official state language,

Climate :Russia has a largely continental climate because of its sheer sizeand compact configuration.

Religion : Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism are Russia’s traditionalreligions. Non-believers in Russia as high as 16–48% of the population.

Natural resources:Russia holds the greatest reserves of mineral resources of any country in

the world. Natural gas, petroleum, mineral ores etc.


Race: Caucasoid.Political view : The country is afederation and semi-presidential republic, wherein thePresident is the head of state andthe Prime Minister is the head ofgovernment.Economy: Russia hasa developed, high-income marketeconomy with enormous naturalresources, particularly oil andnatural gas. It has the 15th largesteconomy in the world by nominalGDP and the 6thlargest by purchasing powerparity (PPP).

Race: Caucasoid.Political view : The country is afederation and semi-presidential republic, wherein thePresident is the head of state andthe Prime Minister is the head ofgovernment.Economy: Russia hasa developed, high-income marketeconomy with enormous naturalresources, particularly oil andnatural gas. It has the 15th largesteconomy in the world by nominalGDP and the 6thlargest by purchasing powerparity (PPP).


Japanese Cultural Region


Japan ,North & South Korea



Language: Japanese

Climate : Belong to the temperate zone with humid subtropicalclimate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by four distinctseasons.

Religion: Around 95% are Buddhists, 3% to 4% are members of Shinto sectsand derived religions, and 1% to 2.3% are Christians.

Culture: Japanese and Korean.

Language: Japanese

Climate : Belong to the temperate zone with humid subtropicalclimate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by four distinctseasons.

Religion: Around 95% are Buddhists, 3% to 4% are members of Shinto sectsand derived religions, and 1% to 2.3% are Christians.

Culture: Japanese and Korean.


Race: Mongoloid

Political view : Democracy.

Economy: The economyof Japan is the third largestin the world by nominalGDP, the fourth largestby purchasing power parityand is the world's secondlargest developed economy.

Race: Mongoloid

Political view : Democracy.

Economy: The economyof Japan is the third largestin the world by nominalGDP, the fourth largestby purchasing power parityand is the world's secondlargest developed economy.


Polar or Arctic Culture


Circumpolar areas of Finland, Sweden, Norway and Northwest Russia, Nenets,Khanty, Evenk and Chukchi in Russia, Aleut, Yupik and Inuit (Iñupiat) in Alaska,Inuit (Inuvialuit) in Canada and Inuit (Kalaallit) in Greenland.



Language: The Eskimo–Aleut family of languages includes two cognatebranches: the Aleut (Unangan) branch and the Eskimo branch.

Climate : Tundra climate.


Culture: The Eskimo are the indigenous peoples who have traditionallyinhabited the northern circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia),across Alaska (United States), Canada, and Greenland.

Settlement: The circumpolar region is extremely sparselypopulated. Approximately 13.1 million people living in the area of thecircumpolar North,

Language: The Eskimo–Aleut family of languages includes two cognatebranches: the Aleut (Unangan) branch and the Eskimo branch.

Climate : Tundra climate.


Culture: The Eskimo are the indigenous peoples who have traditionallyinhabited the northern circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia),across Alaska (United States), Canada, and Greenland.

Settlement: The circumpolar region is extremely sparselypopulated. Approximately 13.1 million people living in the area of thecircumpolar North,


Race: Mongoloid.Political view : Veryweak due to extremeclimateEconomy: Primaryeconomic activities suchas Hunting , fishing etc.


Thank You


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